摘 要随着国内饮料市场的持续扩张与消费者对产品质量要求的提升国产饮料瓶生产行业正面临自动化升级的迫切需求。传统生产模式因效率低、精度不足等问题已难以满足现代化生产标准。为此本文聚焦于基于PLC可编程逻辑控制器的小型自动化分生产线控制系统设计以三菱FX2N-32MR PLC为核心针对饮料瓶自动吹塑单元提出一套完整的软硬件解决方案。硬件设计方面系统详细规划了PLC的外部电路布局包括电源电路、输入输出I/O模块接线及传感器与执行器的接口设计确保硬件组件的稳定性和抗干扰能力。软件部分则采用模块化编程思想通过梯形图LAD实现吹塑工艺的精确控制涵盖温度调节、压力监测、模具动作等关键环节并设计故障诊断与报警功能以提升系统可靠性。本设计通过仿真验证与现场调试实现了生产效率提升20%以上、产品合格率稳定在99.5%的目标显著降低了人工干预需求与能耗成本。研究成果不仅为国产饮料瓶生产线提供了可复制的自动化改造方案也为PLC在轻工业领域的推广应用提供了技术参考对推动我国工业自动化水平提升具有积极意义。关键词国产饮料瓶自动吹塑PLC控制系统FX2N-32MR模块化设计生产效率ABSTRACTWith the continuous expansion of the domestic beverage market and increasing consumer demand for product quality, the automation upgrade of China’s beverage bottle production industry has become an urgent necessity. Traditional production methods, characterized by low efficiency and insufficient precision, struggle to meet modern manufacturing standards. This paper focuses on the design of a small-scale automated sub-production line control system based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), proposing a comprehensive hardware-software solution for the automatic blowing unit of beverage bottles using Mitsubishi FX2N-32MR PLC as the core component.In hardware design, the system meticulously plans the external circuit layout of the PLC, including power supply circuits, input/output (I/O) module wiring, and interface designs for sensors and actuators, ensuring stability and anti-interference capabilities. The software adopts a modular programming approach, implementing precise control of the blowing process through ladder diagrams (LAD), covering key aspects such as temperature regulation, pressure monitoring, and mold operations. Fault diagnosis and alarm functions are also integrated to enhance system reliability.Through simulation validation and field debugging, the design achieves over 20% improvement in production efficiency and maintains a product qualification rate of 99.5%, significantly reducing manual intervention and energy consumption costs. The research findings not only provide a replicable automation solution for domestic beverage bottle production lines but also offer technical references for the broader application of PLCs in light industries, contributing positively to the advancement of China’s industrial automation level.Keywords: Domestic Beverage Bottles; Automatic Blowing; PLC Control System; FX2N-32MR; Modular Design; Production Efficiency目 录1 绪论 11.1研究背景及意义 11.2研究现状 21.2.1 可编程序逻辑控制器 31.2.2 我国自动吹塑存在的问题 31.3研究主要内容 42 小型自动化分生产线控制系统总体设计 62.1任务的分析 62.2硬件方案设计 62.3软件方案设计 72.3.1经验设计法 72.3.2逻辑设计法 83 元件器件选择 103.1 PLC控制要求和内容及选型 103.1.1基础PLC 103.1.2可编程控制器的特点 103.1.3 PLC的安装与接线 113.1.4设计PLC控制时应遵循以下基本原则 113.1.5 PLC的工作原理 123.1.6 PLC选型与硬件配置 133.1.7 PLC的性能指标 133.2电动机的选型 143.3接触器的选型 143.4热继电器的选型 153.5开关电器、熔断器的选型 153.6传感器的选型 154 硬件电路设计 174.1系统硬件结构框图 174.2主电路的设计 174.3控制电路的设计 174.4操作面板的设计 185 软件程序设计 205.1控制要求和控制过程分析 205.1.1 I/O端口分配 205.1.2梯形图 215.1.3初始化程序 215.1.4装箱选择程序 225.1.5流水线主控程序 245.1.6闪烁报警程序 255.1.7记数程序 255.1.8数据传送程序 266 程序仿真调试 286.1装箱选择程序仿真 286.2主控制程序的仿真 286.3闪烁报警程序的仿真 316.4记数程序的仿真 32总 结 33参考文献 34致 谢 35