实验拓扑实验要求1、R4为ISP其上只配置IP地址R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境R3为中心站点3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分除了R12有两个环回其他路由器均有一个环回IP4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回5、减少LSA的更新量加快收敛保障更新安全6、全网可达实验配置思路1、划分172.16.0.0/16的网段并分配IP地址area 0中总地址为172.16.0.0/19;用户地址为172.16.0.0/24---P2P172.16.1.0/24---MA172.16.2.0/24---R4(环回)172.16.3.0/24---R5(环回)172.16.4.0/24---R6(环回)172.16.5.0/24---R7(环回)172.16.6.0/24---隧道area 1中总地址为172.16.32.0/19用户地址为172.16.32.0/24---P2P172.16.33.0/24---MA172.16.34.0/24---R1(环回)172.16.35.0/24---R2(环回)172.16.36.0/24---R3(环回)area 2中总地址为172.16.64.0/19用户地址为172.16.64.0/24---P2P172.16.65.0/24---MA172.16.65.0/30---R6-R11172.16.65.4/30---R11-R12172.16.66.0/24---R11(环回)area 3中总地址为172.16.96.0/19用户地址为172.16.96.0/24---P2P172.16.97.0/24---MA172.16.97.0/30---R7-R8172.16.97.4/30---R8-R9172.16.98.0/24---R8(环回)area 4中总地址为172.16.128.0/19用户地址为172.16.128.0/24---P2P172.16.129.0/24---MA172.16.129.0/30---R9-R10172.16.130.0/24---R9(环回)172.16.131.0/24---R10(环回)2、公网通---配置缺省路由3、内网通---配置OSPF协议和RIP协议除了R44、配置MGRE5、配置NAT使得所有设备均可访问R4的环回6、减少LSA7、加快收敛8、保障安全9、全网可达配置步骤1、路由器IP配置R1[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24[R1]interface LoopBack 0[R1-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24R2[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 24[R2]interface LoopBack 0[R2-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.35.2 24R3[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 24[R3]interface Serial 4/0/0[R3-Serial 4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24[R3]interface LoopBack 0[R3-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.36.3 24R4[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R4-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24[R4]interface Serial 4/0/0[R4-Serial 4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24[R4]interface Serial 4/0/1[R4-Serial 4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24[R4]interface Serial 3/0/0[R4-Serial 3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24[R4]interface LoopBack 0[R4-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.2.4 24R5[R5]interface Serial 4/0/0[R5-Serial 4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24[R5]interface LoopBack 0[R5-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24R6[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R6-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 30[R6]interface Serial 4/0/0[R6-Serial 4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24[R6]interface LoopBack 0[R6-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.4.6 24R7[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R7-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R7-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.1 30[R7]interface LoopBack 0[R7-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24R8[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R8-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R8-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30[R8]interface LoopBack 0[R8-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24R9[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R9-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.6 30[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R9-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 30[R9]interface LoopBack 0[R9-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.130.9 24R10[R10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R10-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 30[R10]interface LoopBack 0[R10-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.131.10 24R11[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R11-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 30[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R11-GigabitEthernet 0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.5 30[R11]interface LoopBack 0[R11-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.66.11 24R12[R12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R12-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.6 30[R12]interface LoopBack 0[R12-LoopBack 0]ip address 172.16.160.12 24[R12]interface LoopBack 1[R12-LoopBack 1]ip address 172.16.161.12 242、公网通[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4ping测试3、内网通---OSPFRIP配置(公网地址不能宣告进ospf)R1[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1[R1-ospf-1]area 1[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255R2[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2[R2-ospf-1]area 1[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255R3[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3[R3-ospf-1]area 1[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255R5[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5[R5-ospf-1]area 0[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255R6[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6[R6-ospf-1]area 0[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255[R6-ospf-1]area 2[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0R7[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7[R7-ospf-1]area 0[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255[R7-ospf-1]area 3[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0R8[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8[R8-ospf-1]area 3[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0R9[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9[R9-ospf-1]area 3[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0[R9]ospf 2[R9-ospf-2]area 4[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0[R9]ospf 1[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2[R9]ospf 2[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1R10[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10[R10-ospf-1]area 4[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255R11[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11[R11-ospf-1]area 2[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255R12[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12[R12-ospf-1]area 2[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0[R12]rip 1[R12-rip-1]v 2[R12-rip-1]undo summary[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0[R12]ospf 1[R12-ospf-1]import-route ripping测试4、MGRE配置R3为中心站点[R3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 1000R5[R5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.5 24[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 1000[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 registerR6[R6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.6 24[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 1000[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 registerR7[R7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.7 24[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 1000[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register5、隧道接口宣告进ospfR3[R3]ospf 1[R3-ospf-1]area 0[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255R5[R5]ospf 1[R5-ospf-1]area 0[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255R6[R6]ospf 1[R6-ospf-1]area 0[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255R7[R7]ospf 1[R7-ospf-1]area 0[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.2556、OSPF环境下MGRE邻居建立有问题问题一:建邻解决:中心站点开启伪广播[R3]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R3-tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic解决:修改接口类型[R3]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R3-tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast[R5]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R5-tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast[R6]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R6-tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast[R7]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R7-tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast问题二:路由表学习解决:修改优先级[R5]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R5-tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0[R6]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R6-tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0[R7]interface Tunnel0/0/0[R7-tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0ping测试7、NAT配置R3[R3]acl 2000[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255[R3]interface Serial 4/0/0[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000R5[R5]acl 2000[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255[R5]interface Serial 4/0/0[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000R6[R6]acl 2000[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255[R6]interface Serial 4/0/0[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000R7[R7]acl 2000[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000易错点:NAT配置后记得配置缺省路由8、减少LSA的更新量①汇总是让区域0中的设备的LSDB表和路由表得到极大精简(防环)ABR汇总R3[R3]ospf 1[R3-ospf-1]area 1[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0R6[R6]ospf 1[R6-ospf-1]area 2[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0R7[R7]ospf 1[R7-ospf-1]area 3[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0ASBR汇总R9[R9]ospf 1[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0R12[R12]ospf 1[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0②特殊区域是让非骨干区域中的设备的LSDB表和路由表得到极大精简(1)配置totally stub区(区域1区域)R1[R1]ospf 1[R1-ospf-1]area 1[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summaryR2[R2]ospf 1[R2-ospf-1]area 1[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summaryR3[R3]ospf 1[R3-ospf-1]area 1[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summaryping公网测试(2)配置totally nssa区域(区域2区域3)R6[R6]ospf 1[R6-ospf-1]area 2[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summaryR11[R11]ospf 1[R11-ospf-1]area 2[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summaryR12[R12]ospf 1[R12-ospf-1]area 2[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summaryping公网测试R7[R7]ospf 1[R7-ospf-1]area 3[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summaryR8[R8]ospf 1[R8-ospf-1]area 3[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summaryR9[R9]ospf 1[R9-ospf-1]area 3[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summaryping公网测试3区域4R9[R9]ospf 2[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise alwaysping公网测试9、加快收敛(1)缩短Hello/失效时间area 1R1[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1R2[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1R3[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1ping测试area 2R6[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1R11[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1R12[R12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1ping测试area 3R7[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1R8[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1R9[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1area 4R9[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1R10[R10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 110、保障更新安全①开启ospf接口认证area 1R1[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R2[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R3[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 2R6[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R11[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345[R11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R12[R12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 3R7[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R8[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R9[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 4R9[R9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R10[R10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345将接口shutdown 再undo shutdown, 检查邻居建立情况②开启ospf 区域认证area 1R1[R1]ospf 1[R1-ospf-1]area 1[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R2[R2]ospf 1[R2-ospf-1]area 1[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R3[R3]ospf 1[R3-ospf-1]area 1[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 2R6[R6]ospf 1[R6-ospf-1]area 2[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R11[R11]ospf 1[R11-ospf-1]area 2[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R12[R12]ospf 1[R12-ospf-1]area 2[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 3R7[R7]ospf 1[R7-ospf-1]area 3[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R8[R8]ospf 1[R8-ospf-1]area 3[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R9[R9]ospf 1[R9-ospf-1]area 3[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345area 4R9[R9]ospf 2[R9-ospf-2]area 4[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345R10[R10]ospf 1[R10-ospf-1]area 4[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345将接口shutdown 再undo shutdown, 检查邻居建立情况